Free space optics (FSO) systems use the atmosphere as a propagation medium. However, a
common problem is atmospheric turbulence, including fog, rain, and haze that emerges …

Free space optics (FSO) is considered among the emerging technological innovations which
are currently being utilized to supersede radio frequency (RF) communication because of its …

Present day requirements of secure transportation of sensitive information at high speed and
large bandwidth networks has resulted in the emergence of Free space optical (FSO) …

Abstract A two-way 224-Gbit/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4)-based fibre-
free-space optical (FSO) converged system through a 25-km single-mode fibre (SMF) …

Although free space optical communication (FSO) has attracted overwhelming interest in
research and implementations due to lots of advantages it provides, it is limited to short link …

For free space optical (FSO) communication, a small misalignment of the transceivers may
result in link failure or severe performance degradation. It can be difficult to track the narrow …

This article proposes a novel high data rate radio-over-free-space-optical link by combining
wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) …

We demonstrate the data transmission characteristics of a 1.96 µm laser in an indoor
simulated smoke channel. An active mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser at 1961.63 nm …

FSO is the best communication medium for data transmission because of its high bandwidth,
effective deployability and maximum transmission data rates with very high security. In this …

We report the designing of a free-space-optics (FSO) transmission system capable of
transmitting high rate information by utilising novel mode division multiplexing (MDM) …