Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate
amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Health benefits have mainly been …

Indoor environments, where people spend most of their time, are characterized by a specific
microbial community, the indoor microbiome. Most indoor environments are connected to …

One of the most detrimental consequences of surface colonization by bacteria is healthcare-
associated infections (HAIs), which contribute to increased patient mortality and morbidity …

Textiles are good substrates for growth of microorganisms especially under moisture and
temperature conditions found in hospitals. Microbial shedding from the body occurs …

Background Infectious diseases are a significant threat in both healthcare and community
settings. Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) in particular are a leading cause of …

Modernisation of our households created novel opportunities for microbial growth and thus
changed the array of microorganisms we come in contact with. While many studies have …

Laundering of textiles—clothing, linens, and cleaning cloths—functionally removes dirt and
bodily fluids, which prevents the transmission of and reexposure to pathogens as well as …

The adoption of self-sterilizing materials to reduce infection transmission in hospitals and
related healthcare facilities has been hampered by the availability of scalable, cost-effective …

The hospital environment represents an important mediator for the transmission of
healthcare-associated infections through direct and indirect hand contact with hard surfaces …

Strong evidence suggests that clothing serves as a reservoir of chemical pollutants and
particles, including bioaerosols, which may have health significance. However, little is …