Anti-inflammatory treatment is the primary and vital therapeutic approach for active,
moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED). Accurate pretreatment prediction of …

Context Oxidative stress plays an indispensable role in pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy
(GO). Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death resulting from lipid peroxidation …

The most frequent extrathyroidal Graves' disease manifestation is Graves' orbitopathy (GO).
The treatment of GO is determined by its severity and activity. There is currently no reliable …

Goal of the study was to evaluate bony orbit remodeling and extraocular muscle (EOM)
volume in thyroid eye disease (TED) and their role as predicting factors for development of …

Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are the key leading cause of vision loss
worldwide. Ocular inflammation is estimated to occur in the early stage of DM; however …

Many pathologies affect different orbital spaces. Being confined, any pathology leads to
eyeball displacement, mostly a forward protrusion. Distinct orbital and adnexal signs may …