This article reviews the literature on historical persistence in political science and the related
social sciences. Historical persistence refers to causal effects that (a) operate over time …

The dissemination of information, knowledge spillover, intelligent monitoring, and advanced
productivity provided by digital technology (DT) play an essential role in combating climate …

Instrumental variables (IV) analysis is a powerful, but fragile, tool for drawing causal
inferences from observational data. Sociologists increasingly turn to this strategy in settings …

This paper provides causal evidence on the impact of a large-scale industrial policy–South
Korea's Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) Drive–on firms' long-term performance and …

We document that the real effects of monetary shocks last for over a decade. Our approach
relies on (1) identification of exogenous and non-systematic monetary shocks using the …

Instrumental variable (IV) analysis relies on the exclusion restriction—that the instrument
only affects the dependent variable via its relationship with the independent variable and not …

Hundreds of equity market intelligence financial technology firms (FinTechs) have formed in
the last decade. We assemble novel data to describe their capabilities, users, and …

In this article, we examine several techniques that allow for the construction of bounds
estimates based on instrumental variables, even when the instruments are not valid. We …

Many empirical applications of regression discontinuity (RD) models use a running variable
that is rounded and hence discrete, eg age in years, or birth weight in ounces. This paper …

We study whether caregiving and intergenerational transfer decisions are sensitive to
changes in economic incentives following the inception of a new unconditional and …