Clostridium botulinum, a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by
their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridia species are the most potent
identified natural toxins. Classically, the toxic neurological syndrome is characterized by an …

Biosensors are analytical devices combining a physical sensor with a part of biological
origin providing sensitivity and selectivity toward analyte. Biological warfare agents are …

We present a multiplex quantitative lateral flow (LF) assay for simultaneous on-site detection
of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types A, B, and E in complex matrixes, which is innovative …

Frequent contamination of foods with microbial toxins produced by microorganisms such as
bacteria, fungi, and algae represents an increasing public health problem that requires the …

Outbreaks of foodborne diseases mediated by food microorganisms and toxins remain one
of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide. It not only poses a serious threat to …

A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. One of the most
potent groups of toxins currently known are the Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs). These are …

Botulism outbreak due to consumption of food contaminated with botulinum neurotoxins
(BoNTs) is a public health emergency. The threat of bioterrorism through deliberate …

During the past year, disease has shown us the iron grip it can hold over a population of
people. Health systems can be overwhelmed, economies can be brought into recession …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) presents a significant hazard under numerous realistic
scenarios. The standard detection scheme for this fast-acting toxin is a lab-based mouse …