This survey reviews the state of the art of IoT devices at the low-energy end of the scale:
battery-light and battery-less sensor nodes. They are tiny by necessity but expected to be …

On-chip RC-based frequency references are increasingly being used to generate device
clocks. They consume lower power, occupy a small area, and do not require costly off-chip …

This article presents techniques to improve the frequency stability of oscillators by
performing first-and second-order temperature compensation without needing resistors with …

One of the challenges to the proliferation of Internet of Things is ultra-low power circuit
design. Wireless nodes common in IoT applications use sleep timers to synchronize with …

Wireless sensor systems powered by batteries are widely used in a variety of applications.
For applications with space limitation, their size was reduced, limiting battery energy …

This article describes an ultralow-power (ULP) temperature-compensated crystal oscillator
(TCXO) with a pulsed-injection XO driver for IoT applications. Temperature compensation is …

This article introduces a 32-kHz crystal oscillator (XO) with high energy-to-noise-ratio pulse
injection at subharmonic frequency. AT/4-delay clock slicer is proposed to convert the …

An extremely low-power 32-kHz crystal oscillator (XO) based on a sub-harmonic pulse
injection technique is presented. By injecting current pulses into the crystal at the sub …

Ultra-low-power (ULP) crystal oscillators (X0s) 1–5 are essential in wirelessly linked loT
nodes: for time-keeping purposes, they need to consume low power since they stay always …

On-chip oscillators are suitable for low-cost and compact IoT applications, but their
temperature stability is relatively poor. This paper presents a temperature compensation …