Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilm may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease
has led to an increased focus on identifying diseases that may be biofilm-related. Biofilm …

Salmonella infection causes morbidity and mortality throughout the world with the host
immune response varying depending on whether the infection is acute and limited, or …

Human infections by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica represent major disease
burdens worldwide. This highly ubiquitous species consists of more than 2600 different …

The ability of pathogenic bacteria to affect higher organisms and cause disease is one of the
most dramatic properties of microorganisms. Some pathogens can establish transient …

Typhoid (enteric fever) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing
over 21 million new infections annually, with the majority of deaths occurring in young …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. S.
Typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a …

Although nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS; including Salmonella Typhimurium) mainly cause
gastroenteritis, typhoidal serovars (Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A) cause …

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is the aetiological agent of typhoid or
enteric fever. In a subset of individuals, S. Typhi colonizes the gallbladder causing an …

Biofilms are organized multicellular communities encased in an extracellular polymeric
substance (EPS). Biofilm-resident bacteria resist immunity and antimicrobials. The EPS …

Background Multidrug resistance and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility (FQNS) are major
concerns for the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. The 2018 prequalification of …