Abstract Changes in synaptic efficacy are thought to be crucial to experience-dependent
modifications of neural function. The diversity of mechanisms underlying these changes is …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest single intracellular organelle, which is present
in all types of nerve cells. The ER is an interconnected, internally continuous system of …

Transient rises in the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions serve as second messenger
signals that control many neuronal functions. Selective triggering of these functions is …

Neuronal excitability and long-term synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses are critically
dependent on the level of inhibition, and accordingly, changes of inhibitory synaptic efficacy …

Activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic efficacy are thought to be important in
learning, memory formation, neuronal development and pathological states of neuronal …

In general, hippocampal neurons are capable of synthesizing sex steroids de novo from
cholesterol, since the brain is equipped with all the enzymes required for the synthesis of …

Calcium plays an integral role in cellular function. It is a well-recognized second messenger
necessary for signaling cellular responses, but in excessive amounts can be deleterious to …

Following the gradual recognition of the importance of intracellular calcium stores for
somatodendritic signaling in the mammalian brain, recent reports have also indicated a …

Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mediated by sarcoplasmic reticulum resident ryanodine
receptors (RyRs) has been well described in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle. In brain …

Memory consolidation assimilates recent experiences into long-term memory. This process
requires the replay of learned sequences, although the content of these sequences remains …