Single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs) are valuable tools that can be used
to investigate the climate system. SMILEs allow scientists to quantify and separate the …

Machine learning can handle an ever-increasing amount of data with the ability to learn
models from the data. It has been widely used in a variety of disciplines and is gaining …

Climate change affects timings, frequency, and intensity of frost events in northern
ecosystems. However, our understanding of the impacts that frost will have on growth and …

Although prolonged heat periods have become a recurring feature of European climate, little
knowledge is available on dominant spatial patterns of heatwaves and their influence on …

Abstract On 17 July 2021, storm “Bernd” hit the alpine region of Berchtesgadener Land
inducing short-duration heavy rainfall, which triggered flash floods, debris flows, landslides …

Extreme daily rainfall is an important trigger for floods in Bavaria. The dimensioning of water
management structures as well as building codes is based on observational rainfall return …

The frequency of precipitation extremes is set to change in response to a warming climate.
Thereby, the change in extreme precipitation event occurrence is influenced by both a shift …

High-and low pressure systems of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the mid-
latitudes drive European weather and climate. Potential future changes in the occurrence of …

During the past century, several extreme summer floods in Central Europe were associated
with so-called Vb-cyclones propagating from the Mediterranean Sea north-eastward to …

Wildfires have reached an unprecedented scale in the Northern Hemisphere. The summers
of 2022 and 2023 demonstrated the destructive power of wildfires, especially in North …