HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as
classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of …

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease
management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the …

Viral sequence classification has wide applications in clinical, epidemiological, structural
and functional categorization studies. Most existing approaches rely on an initial alignment …

More than 80% of the world's HIV-infected adults live in sub-Saharan Africa, where
heterosexual transmission is the predominant mode of spread. The virologic and …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is less pathogenic than HIV type 1 (HIV-1),
but the mechanisms underlying this difference have not been defined. We developed an …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes differ in biological
characteristics that may affect pathogenicity. Methods. We determined the HIV-1 subtype …

We investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on
disease progression among 145 Kenyan women followed from the time of HIV-1 acquisition …

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope subtypes A and D on
disease progression was investigated in 1045 adults in Uganda. At enrollment and every 6 …

HIV-1 infection is characterized by genetic diversity wherein distinct viral subtypes (clades A,
B, C, D, E, F, G, K and O) are expanding in different geographical regions. This article deals …

Since their initial expansion in human beings roughly seven decades ago in central Africa,
the HIV-1 pandemic strains have diversified extensively through mutation and …