On Earth, humans are subjected to a gravitational force that has been an important
determinant in human evolution and function. During spaceflight, astronauts are subjected to …

Human psychology and physiology are significantly altered by isolation and confinement. In
light of planned exploration class interplanetary missions, the related adverse effects on the …

In psychology, the use of intensive longitudinal data has steeply increased during the past
decade. As a result, studying temporal dependencies in such data with autoregressive …

The THESEUS project (Towards Human Exploration of Space: a EUropean Strategy) was
initiated within the seventh Framework Programme by the European Commission. This …

Confinement experiments are essential to prepare long-term space exploration. The 180-
day Chinese CELSS (Controlled Ecological Life Support System) study is unique in its …

Social isolation and feelings of loneliness are related to higher mortality and morbidity.
Evidence from studies conducted during space missions, in space analogs, and during the …

NASA is planning human exploration of the Moon, while preparations are underway for
human missions to Mars, and deeper into the solar system. These missions will expose …

Space analogues are settings where particular conditions can be reproduced to study
physiological and psychological variables experienced in space. Antarctica is one of the …

Background Biomaterial modifications—chemical and topographical—are of particular
importance for the integration of materials in biosystems. Cells are known to sense these …

The environment of a deep-space Mars mission represents a genetic, epigenetic, and
psychological mismatch to the terrestrial environment in which humans evolved. Potential …