Transportation planning has been established as a key topic in the literature and social
production practices. An increasing number of researchers are studying vehicle routing …

Vehicle routing problems with time windows (VRPTW) have gained a lot of attention due to
their important role in real-life logistics and transport. As a result of the complexity of real-life …

In the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to transport medical supplies to specific locations
accurately, safely, and promptly on time. The application of drones for medical supplies …

Background: In this paper, a new closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network model, including
economic, social and environmental goals, is designed. This paper's primary purpose is to …

The dense population and high solid waste production make it challenging to determine the
optimal routes for garbage collection trucks in metropolitan cities. Moreover, incorrectly …

The contemporary market creates a demand for continuous improvement of production,
service, and management processes. Increasingly advanced IT technologies help designers …

Today, the fast-changing demands of customers force manufacturers to adapt their systems
to the variability. As a result of the recent advances in technology and transport systems …

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) consists of finding the shortest way between cities,
which passes through all cities and returns to the starting point, given the distance between …

The contemporary market creates a demand for continuous improvement of production,
service, and management processes. Increasingly advanced IT technologies help designers …

Since the flexibility and adaptability of demand responsive transit (DRT) give more potentials
and spaces of embracing eco-routing strategy, this study develops a novel framework of …