A central goal of neuroscience is to understand the representations formed by brain activity
patterns and their connection to behaviour. The classic approach is to investigate how …

Two theoretical ideas have emerged recently with the ambition to provide a unifying
functional explanation of neural population coding and dynamics: predictive coding and …

Selective visual attention describes the tendency of visual processing to be confined largely
to stimuli that are relevant to behavior. It is among the most fundamental of cognitive …

The brain is limited in its capacity to process all sensory stimuli present in the physical world
at any point in time and relies instead on the cognitive process of attention to focus neural …

Animals sense the environment through pathways that link sensory organs to the brain. In
the visual system, these feedforward pathways define the classical feedforward receptive …

The response of cortical neurons to a sensory stimulus is modulated by the context. In the
visual cortex, for example, stimulation of a pyramidal cell's receptive-field surround can …

The two basic phenomena that define the problem of visual attention can be illustrated in a
simple example. Consider the arrays shown in each panel of Figure 1. In a typical …

We describe a model of visual processing in which feedback connections from a higher-to a
lower-order visual cortical area carry predictions of lower-level neural activities, whereas the …

An important component of routine visual behavior is the ability to find one item in a visual
world filled with other, distracting items. This ability to perform visual search has been the …

Most models of visual search, whether involving overt eye movements or covert shifts of
attention, are based on the concept of a saliency map, that is, an explicit two-dimensional …