In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (eg, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) …

Tumor immunotherapy, such as PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, has shown promising clinical efficacy
in patients with various types of tumors. However, the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a …

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common subtype of malignant gliomas, is characterized by
aggressive infiltration, high malignancy, and poor prognosis. The frustrating anti-GBM …

Immunity developed to defend our bodies from foreign particles, including bacteria and
viruses. Although effector cells responsible for acquired immunity, mainly T cells, and B …

STUDY QUESTION What is the role of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1
(PD-L1) axis in macrophage polarization during early pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER PD …

Abstract Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is responsible for T cell exhaustion during chronic
viral infections and is expressed on a variety of immune cells following activation. Despite its …

Fibrosis is a pathological tissue repair activity in which many myofibroblasts are activated
and extracellular matrix are excessively accumulated, leading to the formation of permanent …

Purpose During the past decades, PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade has become a remarkable
promising therapy which has exerted durable anti-tumor effect and long-term remissions on …

The inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the activation of
resident microglia and the infiltration of macrophages. Macrophages and microglia can be …

While the role of PD-1 in inhibiting immunity during chronic infections is well established, its
functions during acute infections are much less clear. The PD-1 pathway can dampen CD8 T …