Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals,
which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many …

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed
animals with a significant socioeconomic impact. One of the issues related to this disease is …

Macroautophagy/autophagy has been utilized by many viruses, including foot-and-mouth
disease virus (FMDV), to facilitate replication, while the underlying mechanism of the …

The type I interferon response is an important innate antiviral pathway. Recognition of viral
RNA by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) activates a signaling cascade that leads to type I …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered to be amongst the most powerful tools for the
fight against pathogens in fish, since they form part of the innate immune response, which is …

Background Knowledge of factors that influence the outcome of infection are crucial for
determining the risk of severe disease and requires the characterisation of pathogen-host …

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed
animals. One of the issues related to this disease is the persistence of its causative agent …

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes contagious acute
infection in cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV replication-associated viral protein expression …

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (Lpro) affects several pathways of
the host innate immune response. Previous studies in bovine cells demonstrated that …

Picornaviruses are comprised of a positive-sense RNA genome surrounded by a protein
shell (or capsid). They are ubiquitous in vertebrates and cause a wide range of important …