The landscape of fear (LOF) concept posits that prey navigate spatial heterogeneity in
perceived predation risk, balancing risk mitigation against other activities necessary for …

Animals experience varying levels of predation risk as they navigate heterogeneous
landscapes, and behavioral responses to perceived risk can structure ecosystems. The …

Rapid expansion of human activity has driven well-documented shifts in the spatial
distribution of wildlife, but the cumulative effect of human disturbance on the temporal …

A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects of human activities on animal
behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences of these behavioural shifts remain …

Habitat management involving manipulation of farmland vegetation can exert direct
suppressive effects on pests and promote natural enemies. Advances in theory and practical …

Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to
shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator …

The fear large carnivores inspire, independent of their direct killing of prey, may itself cause
cascading effects down food webs potentially critical for conserving ecosystem function …

Interactions among terrestrial carnivores involve a complex interplay of competition,
predation and facilitation via carrion provisioning, and these negative and positive pathways …

Predation risk, the probability that a prey animal will be killed by a predator, is fundamental
to theoretical and applied ecology. Predation risk varies with animal behavior and …

The net effects of interspecific species interactions on individuals and populations vary in
both sign (−, 0,+) and magnitude (strong to weak). Interaction outcomes are context …