Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals.
While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many …

The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely
orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric …

Increasing evidence indicates that excessive inflammatory responses play a crucial role in
the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including depression and anxiety disorders …

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous
system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both …

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each year.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk …

Although in its early stages, the emerging field of research focused on the human
microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain …

Mood disorders have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the
leading cause of disability worldwide. Notwithstanding the established efficacy of …

Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly
recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood
gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help …

Mental disorders including depression and anxiety are often comorbid with gut problems,
suggesting a bidirectional relationship between mental health and gut function. Several …