Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disease of the central
nervous system, characterized by inflammatory demyelination. It is primarily found in women …

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and related vaccines have raised several issues. Among
them, the potential role of the viral infection (COVID-19) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as …

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, affecting
over 2.5 million people worldwide. There has been growing concern about the impact of …

Autoimmune diseases develop due to self-tolerance failure in recognizing self and non-self-
antigens. Several factors play a role in inducing autoimmunity, including genetic and …

Background Upper respiratory viral infections have long been considered triggers for
multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse and exacerbation. The possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 …

Background Seroconversion rate of vaccines varies and requires further elucidation in
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) under treatment with disease-modifying therapies …

Over the past three years, humanity faced the abrupt spread of COVID-19, responsible for a
worldwide health crisis. Initially, it was believed that individuals with chronic disorders …

Background Vaccination constitutes a crucial preventive measure against COVID-19
infection. Concerns have been raised regarding the efficacy of vaccines in multiple sclerosis …

Introduction Vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recommended
for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) …

Background: Vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with
immunosuppressive drugs is highly recommended. Regarding COVID-19 vaccination, no …