Answer questions and earn CME/CNE This article provides an overview of the recent
developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer‐related lymphedema …

Evaluation of the lymphedema patients with appropriate staging is fundamental for further
treatment. Treatment includes compressive decongestive therapy for stage 0 and 1 patients …

Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic condition with a detrimental impact
on psychosocial and physical well-being. Lymphaticovenous anastomosis has shown …

Background: Lymphaticovenular anastomosis is a useful treatment option for compression-
refractory lower extremity lymphedema, but its efficacy depends largely on the severity of …

Background Breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) affects many areas of daily living.
Individuals with lymphedema may experience chronic and progressive swelling, recurrent …

Background Identification of lymphatic vessels for lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA),
which is an effective surgical treatment for obstructive lymphedema, is important …

Treatment of primary lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) is challenging, and lymph node
transfer (LNT) can be a choice of treatment for progressive LEL. However, LNT has a risk of …

Background Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery is an effective surgical treatment
of secondary lymphedema in the extremities, but indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent …

Sentinel lymph node identification by near infrared (NIR) fluorescence with indocyanine
green (ICG) is recognized in the literature as a useful technique. NIR fluorescence …

With advancement of microsurgical techniques, supermicrosurgery has been developed.
Supermicrosurgery allows manipulation (dissection and anastomosis) of vessels and nerves …