Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell
dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state …

Adipose tissue, colloquially known as" fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous
organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that …

The accumulation of an excessive amount of body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, and the
risk of type 2 diabetes increases linearly with an increase in body mass index. Accordingly …

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing
worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic and environmental features in their pathogenesis …

Age‐associated obesity and muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) are intimately connected and are
reciprocally regulated by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction. During ageing …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25%
of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern …

Obesity is becoming an epidemic in the United States and worldwide and increases risk for
many diseases, particularly insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular …

Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade
inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key regulators of oxygen homeostasis in response
to hypoxia. In diabetes, multiple tissues are hypoxic but adaptive responses to hypoxia are …