▪ Abstract Flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, swim by rotating thin helical
filaments, each driven at its base by a reversible rotary motor, powered by an ion flux. A …

Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein
secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly clear that …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a supramolecular protein machine that drives rotation of the
flagellum for motility, which is essential for bacterial survival in different environments and a …

Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli are diarrheagenic
bacterial human pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis. These enteric pathotypes …

The bacterial flagellum is a reversible rotary motor powered by an electrochemical-potential
difference of specific ions across the cytoplasmic membrane. The H+-driven motor of …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary nano-machine, about 45 nm in diameter,
embedded in the bacterial cell envelope. It is powered by the flux of H+ or Na+ ions across …

Many bacterial species move using organelles called flagella. Together with the sensory
apparatus that controls its operation, the flagellum represents a complex subsystem within …

A putative complex of the three switch proteins, FliG, FliM and FliN appears to be directly
involved in torque generation and control of direction of rotation. We have developed a …

The bacterial flagellum is a macromolecular protein complex that enables motility in many
species. Bacterial flagella self-assemble a strong, multicomponent drive shaft that couples …