The understanding of the functions of the immune system needs a fundament of solid
anatomical knowledge. The construction and arrangement of the different components of the …

Dendritic cells (DC) are critically important accessory cells in the innate and adaptive
immune systems. Avian DCs were originally identified in primary and secondary lymphoid …

Our ability to understand the function, pathology and regeneration ability of an organ system
is handicapped without knowledge of its normal structure. Electron microscopy and, later …

The bursa of Fabricius is a primary and secondary lymphoid organ considered exclusively
present in birds, and studies of this structure have been vital to our current understanding of …

The purpose of this study was to examine how pre-and synbiotic administration in ovo into
the air chamber at d 12 of egg incubation influenced the specific immune cell composition …

The avian embryo provides several advantages for studies on development of the immune
system. These include the existence of a clear demarcation between the B and T cell …

Birds have a unique organ for primary B lymphopoiesis, the bursa of Fabricius. Thus avian B-
cell development can be classified into prebursal, bursal, and postbursal stages. During …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) develops from neural crest cells that migrate along the
intestine, differentiate into neurons and glia, and pattern into two plexuses within the gut …

Our ability to understand the function, pathology, and regeneration ability of an organ system
is handicapped without knowledge of its normal structure. Electron microscopy and, later …

Objective The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary hatchery
by-products (HBPs) as a replacement of fish meal (FM) on growth performance, relative …