G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in
the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the …

Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and
chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they …

Morphine and fentanyl are among the most used opioid drugs that confer analgesia and
unwanted side effects through both G protein and arrestin signaling pathways of μ-opioid …

Opioids are effective analgesics, but their use is beset by serious side effects, including
addiction and respiratory depression, which contribute to the ongoing opioid crisis. The …

Morphine is an alkaloid from the opium poppy used to treat pain. The potentially lethal side
effects of morphine and related opioids—which include fatal respiratory depression—are …

The κ-opioid receptor (KOP) mediates the actions of opioids with hallucinogenic, dysphoric,
and analgesic activities. The design of KOP analgesics devoid of hallucinatory and …

Dysregulation of peptide-activated pathways causes a range of diseases, fostering the
discovery and clinical development of peptide drugs. Many endogenous peptides activate G …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are physiologically important membrane proteins that
sense signalling molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and are the targets of …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

The 826 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the human proteome regulate key
physiological processes and thus have long been attractive drug targets. With the crystal …