Virus pandemics have happened, are happening and will happen again. In recent decades,
the rate of zoonotic viral spillover into humans has accelerated, mirroring the expansion of …

There are several types of liver injury, including alcohol‑induced liver injury, drug‑induced
liver injury, infectious liver injury, cirrhosis, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury and liver failure …

Populations of RNA viruses are composed of complex and dynamic mixtures of variant
genomes that are termed mutant spectra or mutant clouds. This applies also to SARS-CoV …

We report that ribavirin exerts an inhibitory and mutagenic activity on SARS-CoV-2-infecting
Vero cells, with a therapeutic index higher than 10. Deep sequencing analysis of the mutant …

The concept of a mild mutagen was coined to describe a minor mutagenic activity exhibited
by some nucleoside analogues that potentiated their efficacy as antiretroviral agents. In the …

Background Despite the high sustained virological response rates achieved with current
directly-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV), around 5–10% of …

Background Human norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis globally, and the
GII. 4 has been the most predominant genotype for decades. This genotype has numerous …

Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of
advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Viral fitness quantifies the degree of virus adaptation to a given environment. How viral
fitness can influence the mutant spectrum complexity of a viral quasispecies subjected to …

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genome has an autocatalytic region called the ribozyme,
which is essential for viral replication. The aim of this study was to use next-generation …