In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with fear response delay, gestation delay,
fear effect, prey refuge, harvesting and Crowley–Martin type functional response. First, we …

In this article, we propose and analyse a predator-prey model where apart from direct
predation the prey population is affected by the fear induced from predators. The …

In this paper a three-species food chain model is formulated to investigate the impact of fear.
First, we derive the predator's functional response by using the classical Holling's time …

This paper proposes and studies the dynamics of a Holling-type II predator–prey interaction
system that incorporates the following three components:(1) a prey refuge;(2) predation fear …

We propose a ratio-dependent Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with the Allee effect and
fear effect on prey and study its dynamic behaviors. On the basis of Poincaré transformation …

In the predator-prey system, predators can affect the prey population (1) by direct killing and
(2) by inducing predation fear, which ultimately force preys to adopt some anti-predator …

Predator–prey interaction is considered as a natural phenomenon in ecological system. An
obvious question arises in ecosystem is that how predator affect the density of prey …

In this article, we discuss the dynamics of a Leslie–Gower ratio-dependent predator–prey
model incorporating fear in the prey population. Moreover, the Allee effect in the predator …

In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with Allee effect, fear effect and prey
refuge. By considering the prey refuge as a parameter, we give the threshold condition for …

Plankton-fish interactions are the central topic of interest related to marine ecology. Apart
from the direct predation (lethal effect) of zooplankton by fish, there are some non-lethal …