Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) denotes cancer originated from the renal epithelium and
accounts for> 90% of cancers in the kidney. The disease encompasses> 10 histological and …

Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls) have been
identified as negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune evasion of tumor …

The membrane-bound molecules programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (PD-
1/PD-L1) belong to the immune checkpoint pathway. PD-1 pathway downregulates effector …

Self-delivery of photosensitizer and immune modulator to tumor site is highly
recommendable to improve the photodynamic immunotherapy yet remains challenging …

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. The discovery of new biomarkers for
thyroid cancer has significantly improved the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis …

Background: Immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment has been associated with
improved survival for some patients with solid tumors. The precise makeup and prognostic …

Immunomodulatory drugs that leverages host immune mechanisms to destroy tumor cells
have been met with great promise in the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy, targeting …

Background PD-L1 expression on neutrophils contributes to the impaired immune response
in infectious disease, but the detailed role of PD-L1 expression on neutrophils in HCC …

Background Several clinical trials have reported that therapies targeting programmed death-
1 (PD1) and its ligand (PD-L1) improve patient outcomes, while tumor response has been …