Childhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of
mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and …

Childhood obesity has been linked to physical and psychological comorbidities that can be
carried into adulthood. A bidirectional link between body weight and the stress system …

Obesity in childhood is associated with several steroid changes, which result from excess
body mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid metabolism in children with obesity …

Background and aim A fraction of children with obesity have increased serum cortisol levels.
In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of obese children and adolescents with …

Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, and its excess compromises the immune
response and metabolism of hormones and nutrients. Furthermore, the accumulation of …

Objective Deficits in social cognition are associated with internalising (emotional and peer
problems) and externalising (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms in …

Physiological and biochemical processes in the human body occur in a specific order and
show rhythmic variability. Time dependence characterizes the secretion of cortisol and …

This study examines the long-term impact of infant colic on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
(HPA) axis development and the moderating role of attachment security, in a low-risk Dutch …

Background and objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are associated with
stress system activation involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in adults …

Background Cortisol is a steroid hormone acting as a stress hormone, which is crucial in
regulating homeostasis. Previous studies have linked cortisol concentration to body mass …