The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of
gallic acid with several galloyl groups in its structure. Tannic acid interacts with various …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing of ceramics has gained widespread attentions in
recent years. Many excellent reviews have reported the printing of ceramics. However, most …

The use of polymer based composites in the treatment of skin tissue damages, has got huge
attention in clinical demand, which enforced the scientists to improve the methods of …

Electrically conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their
derivatives (mainly aniline oligomer and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) with good …

During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have
invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as …

The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function
in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the …

Abstract Poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) has attracted considerable research interest and is
recognized among the largest volume of synthetic polymers that have been produced …

Abstract 3D printing-based technologies can fabricate scaffolds offer great precision to
control internal architecture and print complicated structures based upon the defect site …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the production of anatomically matched
and patient-specific devices and constructs with high tunability and complexity. It also allows …