Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone and
cartilage in affected joints. Autoimmune responses lead to increased osteoclastic bone …

Osteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage
degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of …

Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial
morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are …

Osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary bone sarcomas, affecting mainly children,
adolescents, and young adults, and with a second peak of incidence in elderly individuals …

In terrestrial vertebrates, bone tissue constitutes the 'osteoimmune'system, which functions
as a locomotor organ and a mineral reservoir as well as a primary lymphoid organ where …

Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological
mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were …

The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell
populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the …

Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and
dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the …

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that, on a cellular level, results from osteoclastic
bone resorption not compensated by osteoblastic bone formation. This causes bones to …