Background This position statement provides clinical recommendations for the assessment
of pain, level of sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in critically ill infants …

Background Skin‐to‐skin care (SSC), often referred to as' kangaroo care'(KC) due to its
similarity with marsupial behaviour of ventral maternal‐infant contact, is one non …

Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the
many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse …

Routine assessment and management of neonatal pain has evolved to become an
important therapeutic goal in the twenty-first century. During the twentieth century, however …

Infants born preterm are at a high risk for repeated pain exposure in early life. Despite valid
tools to assess pain in non-verbal infants and effective interventions to reduce pain …

Procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit triggers a cascade of physiological,
behavioral and hormonal disruptions which may contribute to altered neurodevelopment in …

Background Altered brain development is evident in children born very preterm (24–32
weeks gestational age), including reduction in gray and white matter volumes, and thinner …

Objective: To study whether new pharmacological and nonpharmacological guidelines
lowered numbers of painful procedures in neonates and changed the amount and frequency …

Infants born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) are particularly vulnerable to procedural
stress and pain exposure during neonatal intensive care, at a time of rapid and complex …

Background Neonates are frequently subjected to painful procedures, with the most
immature infants receiving the highest number of painful events. 3,–5 Despite …