Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Verkhratsky, Alexej, Richard K. Orkand, and Helmut Kettenmann. Glial Calcium:
Homeostasis and Signaling Function. Physiol. Rev. 78: 99–141, 1998.—Glial cells respond …

In the brain, astrocytes are associated intimately with neurons and surround synapses. Due
to their close proximity to synaptic clefts, astrocytes are in a prime location for receiving …

The work of Katz and colleagues (Katz, 1969) provided an understanding of the main
modeof neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. Calcium entry into the presynaptic …

Functional and molecular analysis of glial voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels underwent
tremendous boost over the last 15 years. The traditional image of the glial cell as a passive …

Since the late 197Os, drastic advances have been made in the field of peripheral auditory
research. Among these are the results from intracellular hair cell recording (138, 572, 573) …

Primary and/or secondary glial cell death can cause and/or aggravate human diseases of
the central nervous system (CNS). Like neurons, glial cells are vulnerable to glutamate …

We survey the evidence for L-glutamate's role as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of
vertebrate retinas. The physiological and molecular properties of glutamate receptors in the …

Both neurons and glia interact dynamically to enable information processing and behaviour.
They have had increasingly intimate, numerous and differentiated associations during brain …

Astrocytes are principal cells responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis.
Additionally, these glial cells are also involved in homocellular (astrocyte-astrocyte) and …