Probiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades; however, what is the
rationale for their application? Such a treatment was first proposed in the early nineteenth …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder which affects a large proportion of the
population globally. The precise etiology of IBS is still unknown, although consensus …

The gut microbiota is a dense and diverse ecosystem that is involved in many physiological
functions as well as in disease pathogenesis. It is dominated by bacteria, which have been …

Background As the use and diversity of probiotic products expands, the choice of an
appropriate type of probiotic is challenging for both medical care professionals and the …

Objective The bacterial intestinal microbiota plays major roles in human physiology and
IBDs. Although some data suggest a role of the fungal microbiota in IBD pathogenesis, the …

The human microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem associated with many beneficial
physiological functions as well as numerous disease etiologies. Dominated by bacteria, the …

Background Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic‐
associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration …

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast often used for the treatment of GI tract
disorders such as diarrhea symptoms. It is genetically close to the model yeast …

Background Antibiotics can disturb gastrointestinal microbiota which may lead to reduced
resistance to pathogens such as Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). Probiotics are live …

Introduction Clinicians and patients face a daunting task when choosing the most
appropriate probiotic for their specific needs. Available preparations encompass a diverse …