Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in
excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the normal development of many
organs, including the brain. Although its roles as a cofactor in several enzymes and in …

Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development
and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is naturally found in the environment and
is necessary as a cofactor for many enzymes and is important in several physiological …

Several studies have focused on the high potential effects of probiotics on the reproductive
system. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the ameliorative intracellular …

Schizophrenia is a life disabling, multisystem neuropsychiatric disease mostly derived from
complex epigenetic-mediated neurobiological changes causing behavioural deficits …

Cholestasis is a multifaceted clinical complication. Obstructive jaundice induced by bile duct
ligation (BDL) is known as an animal model to investigate cholestasis and its associated …

Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese via occupational or environmental
settings causes a neurological disorder known as manganism, resembling the symptoms of …

As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is
characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic …

Objectives: Identify the etiology of manganese toxicity. Describe the appropriate evaluation
of patients suffering from suspected manganese toxicity. Review the management options …