Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of
cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities …

ABSTRACT Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were among the
earliest examples of a subclass of proteins with extracellular functions that were found to …

A malformed tumour vascular network provokes the nutrient‐deprived tumour
microenvironment (TME), which conversely activates endothelial cell (EC) functions and …

Tumour angiogenesis is an independent risk factor for bladder cancer (BCa) progression,
but viable and promising antiangiogenic targets are understudied. Secretory autophagy has …

Autophagy has dual effects in human diseases: appropriate autophagy may protect cells
from stress, while excessive autophagy may cause cell death. Additionally, close …

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence on the pathogenesis of SARS …

Cargo translocation across membranes is a crucial aspect of secretion. In conventional
secretion signal peptide-equipped proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas …

Unconventional protein secretion (UCPS) of leaderless proteins bypasses the conventional
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi route. The proportion of UCPS in the secretome varies …

Over the past decade, accumulated studies have reported the presence of non-canonical
macroautophagy/autophagy characterized by the shared usage of the autophagy machinery …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exits cells by direct translocation across the
plasma membrane, a type I pathway of unconventional protein secretion. This process is …