Numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect
people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact …

Viruses are believed to be a significant cause of recreationally associated water‐borne
disease. However, they have been difficult to document because of the wide variety of …

Since virus concentrations in drinking waters are generally below the detection limit, the
infectious risk from drinking water consumption requires assessment from the virus …

Exposure to human pathogenic viruses in recreational waters has been shown to cause
disease outbreaks. In the context of Article 14 of the revised European Bathing Waters …

The emergence of nanostructured materials has opened new horizons in the development
of next generation biosensors. Being able to control the design of the electrode interface at …

Food workers in many settings have been responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks for
decades, and there is no indication that this is diminishing. The Committee on Control of …

Background Accurate knowledge of incubation period is important to investigate and to
control infectious diseases and their transmission, however statements of incubation period …

Background: The role of environmental surface contamination in the propagation of
norovirus outbreaks is unclear. An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was reported among …

In this work, the issue of hospital and urban wastewater treatment is studied in two different
contexts, in Switzerland and in developing countries (Ivory Coast and Colombia). For this …

Background Campylobacteriosis is a dominant bacterial cause of foodborne infection and is
considered the main public health problem in Europe and many other countries worldwide …