Dopamine (DA) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were traditionally viewed as an
extension of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA population. While the VTA DA population …

Sex differences in pain severity, response, and pathological susceptibility are widely
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a complex mesencephalic structure involved in the
integration and execution of active and passive self-protective behaviors against imminent …

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a brain region involved in nociception modulation, and an
important relay center for the descending nociceptive pathway through the rostral ventral …

Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are key factors in the development of alcohol use
disorder, which is a pervasive societal problem with substantial economic, medical, and …

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin hormone with a number of functions
to maintain energy homeostasis and contribute to motivated behavior, both peripherally and …

Background People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may be at higher risk for COVID‐19.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 …

Background Binge drinking of alcohol during adolescence is a serious public health concern
with long‐term consequences, including increased pain, fear, and anxiety. The …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by enabling rigorous in vivo study of the longitudinal,
dynamic course of alcoholism through periods of drinking, sobriety, and relapse, has …

Long-lasting changes in synaptic function (ie, synaptic plasticity) have long been thought to
contribute to information storage in the nervous system. Although synaptic plasticity mainly …