Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell
and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host. These diseases occur widely and …

Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of
damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress …

Glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a group of immune-mediated kidney diseases affecting
glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Glomerular crescent formation is a histopathological …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A bi-allelic …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe and more common organ manifestations of
the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. Ferroptosis, a novel type of …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent damage to kidney
function or structure. Progression to end-stage leads to adverse effects on multiple systems …

Background Crescentic GN (cGN) is an aggressive form of immune-mediated kidney
disease that is an important cause of end stage renal failure. Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic …

Targeted therapy has emerged as a more precise approach to treat glomerular diseases,
focusing on specific molecular or cellular processes that contribute to disease development …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a secondary renal disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus
affecting the kidneys. It is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease and a serious …

Abstract Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a globally common primary
chronic glomerulopathy, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. However …