The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

Abstract The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pre-initiation complex (PIC) is a critical node in
eukaryotic transcription regulation, and its formation is the major rate-limiting step in …

The regulated transcription of genes determines cell identity and function. Recent structural
studies have elucidated mechanisms that govern the regulation of transcription by RNA …

Precise spatio–temporal control of gene activity is essential for organismal development,
growth, and survival in a changing environment. Decisive steps in gene regulation involve …

The eukaryotic transcription apparatus synthesizes a staggering diversity of RNA molecules.
The labour of nuclear gene transcription is, therefore, divided among multiple DNA …

Alterations in the regulation of gene expression are frequently associated with
developmental diseases or cancer. Transcription activation is a key phenomenon in the …

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of non-crystalline single particles is a biophysical
technique that can be used to determine the structure of biological macromolecules and …

Cells are compartmentalized by numerous membrane-enclosed organelles and
membraneless compartments to ensure that a wide variety of cellular activities occur in a …

INTRODUCTION RNA polymerase II (Pol II)–mediated transcription initiation requires
assembly of a preinitiation complex (PIC), during which the 14-subunit transcription factor IID …

Eukaryotic transcription requires the assembly of a multisubunit preinitiation complex (PIC)
composed of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and the general transcription factors. The coactivator …