Cadmium (Cd) is a serious environmental and occupational contaminant that represents a
serious health hazard to humans and other animals. Reproductive health problems have …

Leydig cell steroidogenesis is the complex process of biosynthesis of androgens (mainly
testosterone) from cholesterol as a precursor, via steroidogenic machinery, which includes …

The adverse environment during pregnancy could change epigenetic modifications in germ
cells, leading to transgenerational effects. This study aims to explore transgenerational …

Background: Extractions of Lessertia frutescens (Lf) are shown to have immune modulation,
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, Lf is also cytotoxic, antiproliferative …

Testosterone is essential for spermatogenesis and the development of male sexual
characteristics. However, steroidogenesis produces a significant amount of reactive oxygen …

Although several studies have reported testicular impairments caused by cadmium (Cd) or
obesity alone, the combined effect of Cd and obesity on the testes and its underlying …

Kisspeptins are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Leydig cell
functions, and testosterone secretion, acting as endogenous ligands of the KISS1 receptor …

Background Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a member of the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor drives many cells for their development. However, its effects on …

The ubiquitous environmental pollutant Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) is a known to have anti-
androgenic like properties. DBP exposure has been linked to a range of developmental …

Bone homeostasis is a balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and
osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Two cytokines, M-CSF and RANK-L are known to be …