Harmful algal blooms (HAB) are recurrent phenomena in northern Europe along the coasts
of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat-Skagerrak, eastern North Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Barents …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Climate change is transforming aquatic ecosystems. Coastal waters have experienced
progressive warming, acidification, and deoxygenation that will intensify this century. At the …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

Cyanobacteria are the most common toxigenic algae in inland waters. Their toxins can affect
the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Other algal groups, such …

In late summer, massive blooms and surface scums of cyanobacteria emerge regularly in
the Baltic Sea. The bacteria can produce toxins and add bioavailable nitrogen fixed from …

Cyanobacteria are an important part of phytoplankton communities, however, they are also
known for forming massive blooms with potentially deleterious effects on recreational use …

While freshwater cyanobacteria are traditionally thought to be limited by the availability of
phosphorus (P), fixed nitrogen (N) supply can promote the growth and/or toxin production of …

Temperature and salinity are key factors in controlling marine habitats and gas fluxes.
Finnish and Swedish temperature and salinity monitoring data from the northern Baltic Sea …