Intracellular human pathogens are the deadliest infectious diseases and pose great difficulty
to effectively treat due to their protection inside the host cell and the development of …

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper
transcription factor (bHLH-Zip), has been identified as a melanocyte-specific transcription …

The elderly population is highly susceptible to developing respiratory diseases, including
tuberculosis, a devastating disease caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium …

Endotoxemia‐related acute liver injury has a poor prognosis and high mortality, and
macrophage polarization plays a central role in the pathological process. Pregnane X …

Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which
can lead to a disabling neurodegenerative condition. M. leprae preferentially infects skin …

Mycobacterial genomes encode multiple adenylyl cyclases and cAMP effector proteins,
underscoring the diverse ways these bacteria utilize cAMP. We identified universal stress …

Macrophages are highly plastic cells ubiquitous in various tissues, where they perform
diverse functions. They participate in the response to pathogen invasion and inflammation …

Background Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is a major component of kidney stones
and can induce the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Objectives This study …