Bacterial or virus co-infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) have been reported in many studies, however, the knowledge on Aspergillus co …

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from
asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of …

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of
T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate recognition of a wide range of microbial products
including lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, flagellin, and bacterial DNA, and signaling …

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen in developed
countries, and in immunocompromised patients causes a usually fatal invasive aspergillosis …

Candida organisms commonly colonize the human gastrointestinal tract as a component of
the resident microbiota. Their presence is generally benign. Recent studies, however, show …

During the past two decades, invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major threat to
immunocompromised hosts. Patients with neoplastic diseases are at significant risk for such …

All humans are continuously exposed to inhaled Aspergillus conidia, yet healthy hosts clear
the organism without developing disease and without the development of antibody-or cell …

Filamentous fungi (moulds) are ubiquitous soil inhabitants whose conidia are inhaled into
the respiratory tract, where they may cause life-threatening infections. Among these …

Pulmonary infections caused by the mould pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major
cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Compromised lung defences arising from …