Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the
skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue …

The notion of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease has intensified research on
the role of cytokines and the way these molecules act and interact to initiate and sustain …

Highlights•Immunometabolism of the adipose tissue affects insulin resistance and
obesity.•Type 2 immune response protects against diet-induced obesity.•Cytokines …

The mammalian stress-activated families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
were first elucidated in 1994, and by 2001, substantial progress had been made in …

Cytokines are important mediators of various aspects of health and disease, including
appetite, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and …

Interleukin (IL)-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties besides
TGF-β and IL-35. It is produced by activated immune cells, in particular monocytes …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most potent innate
immune-activating stimuli known. Here we review the current understanding of LPS effects …

We examined the function of IL-10 in regulating changes in macrophage phenotype during
muscle growth and regeneration following injury. Our findings showed that the Th1 cytokine …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Recently,
the role of inflammation in the progression of diseases has significantly attracted …

The cytoplasmic events that control mammalian gene expression, primarily mRNA stability
and translation, potently influence the cellular response to internal and external signals. The …