This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but
these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that …

Neurons containing the neuropeptide orexin (hypocretin) are located exclusively in the
lateral hypothalamus and send axons to numerous regions throughout the central nervous …

Narcolepsy is a disabling sleep disorder affecting humans and animals. It is characterized
by daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and striking transitions from wakefulness into rapid eye …

We explored the role of hypocretins in human narcolepsy through histopathology of six
narcolepsy brains and mutation screening of Hcrt, Hcrtr1 and Hcrtr2 in 74 patients of various …

Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy - The Lancet Skip to Main Content
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The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and
GABA neurons, which are distributed within the reticular core of the brain and, through local …

Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be
explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep …

Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides secreted from orexin-containing
neurons, mainly in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Orexins orchestrate their effects by …

Several theories claim that dreaming is a random by-product of REM sleep physiology and
that it does not serve any natural function. Phenomenal dream content, however, is not as …