The human gastrointestinal tract harbours an abundance of viruses, collectively known as
the gut virome. The gut virome is highly heterogeneous across populations and is linked to …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral
innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular …

Allergies, including asthma, food allergy and atopic dermatitis, are increasing in prevalence,
particularly in westernized countries. Although a detailed mechanistic explanation for this …

In the twenty first century, the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
globally with increasing disease incidence across many countries relates to the altered gut …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one relapsing and lifelong disease that affects millions
of patients worldwide. Increasing evidence has recently highlighted immune-system …

Objective Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for the treatment of recurrent
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Studies have shown bacterial colonisation after FMT, but …

T helper 17 (TH17) cells are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS), and studies in animal
models demonstrated that effector TH17 cells that trigger brain autoimmunity originate in the …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an
unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) …

The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in human health. This last decade, the viral
fraction of the intestinal microbiota, composed essentially of phages that infect bacteria …

Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—are abundant within our bodies, but their
significance to human health is only beginning to be explored. Here, we synthesize what is …