Traditional teratological protocols in mammals are mandatory for pharmaceutical and
chemical product registration, but require hundreds of animals and are complex and …

Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance
due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A …

It is currently understood that tobacco smoking is a major cause of pulmonary disease due to
pulmonary/lung inflammation. However, due to a highly dynamic market place and an …

Perinatal nicotine exposure via tobacco smoking results in increased proclivity to chronic
lung disease (CLD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely …

Objective Develop a model for the study of Electronic Nicotine Device (ENDS) exposure on
craniofacial development. Design Experimental preclinical design followed as pregnant …

Background/Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative
disease that targets the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAnergic) system residing in the human …

Objectives Despite data linking smoking to increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality,
11% of pregnant women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products. Studies …

The use of traditional nicotine delivery products such as tobacco has long been linked to
detrimental health effects. However, little work to date has focused on the emerging market …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a major regulatory signal during embryogenesis produced from vitamin
A (retinol) by an extensive, autoregulating metabolic and signaling network to prevent …

Understanding how complex, multicellular tissues are derived from two gametes continues
to be a fundamental area of interest within the field of developmental biology. Although great …