Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules which foment
inflammation and are associated with disorders in sepsis and cancer. Thus, therapeutically …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus
Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive …

Abstract Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events
in humans with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear …

Endogenous DNA is primarily found intracellularly in nuclei and mitochondria. However,
extracellular, cell-free (cf) DNA, has been observed in several pathological conditions …

HIV infection has a significant impact on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection, with increased levels of HBV DNA, accelerated progression of liver disease and …

Pulmonary epithelial cells are widely considered to be the first line of defence in the lung
and are responsible for coordinating the innate immune response to injury and subsequent …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the
brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) …

Despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-related
pulmonary disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living …

Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

Lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) has been proposed to play a role in the induction of acute
inflammation. We hypothesised that the presence of active CTSB in the cytosol is crucial for …