With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been
exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem …

Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use
disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk …

Spatial normalization, registration, and segmentation techniques for Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) often use a target or template volume to facilitate processing, take advantage …

The elimination of cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products in the US would prevent
tens of millions of tobacco-related deaths. It has been suggested that the introduction of less …

Interest in sex-related differences in psychological functioning has again come to the
foreground with new findings about their possible functional basis in the brain. Sex …

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by suboptimal decisions and actions
that give rise to an increased incidence of unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and …

A common but significant change associated with aging is a profound disruption to the daily
sleep-wake cycle. It has been estimated that as many as 50% of older adults complain about …

Executive function (EF) refers to the set of neurocognitive skills involved in goal-directed
problem solving, including working memory, inhibitory control, and set shifting/flexibility. EF …

Physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive functioning. Research has largely
focused on cognitive facilitation by cardiovascular exercise in older adults. Only few studies …

Because children are becoming overweight, unhealthy, and unfit, understanding the
neurocognitive benefits of an active lifestyle in childhood has important public health and …