The bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome is thought to be related to health and
disease states of women. This microbiome is particularly dynamic, with compositional …

Background Women may have persistent risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and
postpartum. Estimating risk of HIV during these periods is important to inform optimal …

Background Increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been reported
among men who have sex with men. We aimed to assess whether post-exposure …

Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth features the first-ever estimates
of preterm birth rates by country and is authored by a broad group of 45 international multi …

Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of
trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages …

Introduction HIV is a unique sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is greatly affected by
other concomitant “classical” bacterial and viral STI s that cause genital ulcers and/or …

Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk
factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In …

Mathematical models are increasingly being used to examine questions in infectious
disease control. Applications include predicting the impact of vaccination strategies against …

Cluster randomized trials (CRT) are often used to evaluate therapies or interventions in
situations where individual randomization is not possible or not desirable for logistic …

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disruption of the normal vaginal flora, has been
associated with a 60% increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition in women and higher …