Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both
pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or …

Consumption of probiotics as a useful functional food improves the host's wellbeing, and,
when paired with prebiotics (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), often benefits the host …

p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in tumor
suppression. p53 mutations mediate tumorigenesis and occur in approximately 50% of …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a dual regulatory role in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
TLR agonists (TLRa) elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses to achieve anti …

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) results from an infection with the herpes simplex virus type 1
(HSV-1) also known as human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1). Primary infection may involve an …

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), or LTR retrotransposons, are a class of transposable
elements that are highly represented in mammalian genomes. Human ERVs (HERVs) make …

Simple Summary Due to the broad functions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in innate
immunity, the drive for the development of TLR2-targeted therapeutic treatments has …

The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related
neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a …

The clinical manifestations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) infection responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly include …